Introduction
Background Research Objective
and Hypothesis
Materials and Procedure
Results : Variables Related to Leaf Surface Results : Variables Related to Liquid
Results : Variables Related to Method of Application Conclusions and Final Thoughts
Results : Variables Related to Leaf Surface Results : Variables Related to Liquid
Results : Variables Related to Method of Application Conclusions and Final Thoughts
Results
: Variables Related to Liquid
Nonionic,
anionic, and cationic surfactants were added to the water to study the
effect of surfactants on runoff. Over 200 trials were conducted on
various surfaces. Solutions with nonionic surfactants exhibited lowest
runoff in most cases.
Different
surfaces were sprayed with a solution of starch and water. Quantity of
water retained was measured using a gram precision scale and runoff
determined. Addition of starch reduces runoff by almost 50%.
Nonionic,
anionic, and cationic surfactants were added to water in various
concentrations (1% to 5% by weight) to study their effect on runoff.
Maximum reduction of runoff was obtained with low concentrations of the
nonionic surfactant. Experiments conducted with cationic and anionic
surfactants showed similar trends.
