Appendix 1
Figure 1. Chemical structure of ethanol.
(Source: www.biologydaily.com)
Figure 2. Wet milling procedure to produce ethanol.
(Source: www.midwestethanol.com)
Table 1. Major ethanol producers in Canada.
Company |
Litres per annum |
| Mohawk Oil Canada Ltd. |
10 000 000 |
Poundmaker Agventures Ltd |
12 000 000 |
Commercial Alcohols Inc |
173 000 000 |
API Grain Processors |
26 000 000 |
Tembec |
17 000 000 |
Table 2. Burn duration (minutes) of diesel, ethanol, and gasoline.
Burn # |
Type of Fuel |
||
Diesel |
Ethanol |
Gasoline time |
|
1 |
1.000 |
1.067 |
0.589 |
2 |
1.107 |
0.885 |
0.582 |
3 |
1.135 |
0.858 |
0.394 |
4 |
2.366 |
0.923 |
0.331 |
5 |
1.340 |
0.834 |
0.317 |
6 |
1.303 |
0.742 |
0.389 |
7 |
0.180 |
0.802 |
0.422 |
8 |
2.083 |
0.834 |
0.374 |
9 |
0.596 |
1.043 |
0.561 |
10 |
1.595 |
0.803 |
0.663 |
11 |
0.863 |
1.195 |
0.677 |
12 |
1.552 |
1.122 |
0.392 |
13 |
1.174 |
0.613 |
0.820 |
14 |
1.672 |
0.924 |
0.240 |
15 |
1.708 |
0.755 |
0.466 |
Mean |
1.311422 |
0.893244 |
0.481078 |
Table 3. Btu or energy content of fuels
Trials |
Gasoline |
Diesel |
Ethanol |
Trial 1 |
14.9 |
28.3 |
34.3 |
Trial 2 |
28.3 |
25.5 |
32.9 |
Trial 3 |
26.0 |
23.1 |
41.5 |
Trial 4 |
27.3 |
19.0 |
35.3 |
Trial 5 |
19.3 |
26.5 |
40.9 |
Trial 6 |
19.0 |
25.9 |
37.7 |
Mean |
22.46667 |
24.71667 |
37.1 |
Table 4. Pollution levels per 5ml of diesel, ethanol or gasoline.
Gasoline |
Ethanol |
Diesel |
CO2 (ppm) |
CO2 ( ppm) |
CO2 (ppm) |
4200 |
590 |
8200 |
4200 |
570 |
7900 |
3900 |
550 |
8000 |
Mean: 4100.00 |
Mean: 570.00 |
Mean: 8033.33 |
|
||
CO (ppm) |
CO (ppm) |
CO (ppm) |
300 |
17 |
230 |
450 |
20 |
350 |
280 |
22 |
250 |
Mean: 343.33 |
Mean: 19.67 |
Mean: 276.67 |
|
||
NH3 (ppm) |
NH3 (ppm) |
NH3 (ppm) |
5 |
3 |
7 |
9 |
3 |
9 |
6 |
3 |
8 |
Mean: 6.67 |
Mean: 3.00 |
Mean: 8.00 |