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Insulin: A polypeptide hormone, produced by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, that regulates the metabolism of glucose and other nutrients.

Autoimmune: Relating to an immune response by the body against one of its own cells or tissues.

Toxin: A poison produced by an organism that is characterized by antigenicity in certain animals and high molecular weight. Some examples are tetanus, diphtheria, etc., and such plant and animal toxins as ricin and snake venom.

Symptom: A sign of disorder or disease, especially when experienced by an individual as a change from normal function, sensation, or appearance.

Amino Acid: Any of a class of organic compounds that contains at least one amino group.

Spectroscopy: The science that deals with the use of the spectroscope and with spectrum analysis.

Infrared: The part of the invisible spectrum that is contiguous to the red end of the visible spectrum and that comprises electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths.

Viable: Being able to live.

Recombinant: Resulting from new combinations of genetic material, for example: recombinant cells.

Injector: Medicine put (a drug or vaccine, for example) into a body part, especially by means of a syringe.