Analysis

  • Observations
  • Results
  • Patient Obserevations
  • Survey Graphs
  • Reliability Analysis

This experimentation proved to bring forth numerous findings.  When testing the patients, there were numerous observations made. Generally, the storybook was a very effective tool in assisting patients with recognizing the emotions.  After carefully observing the patients for a significant amount of time, there were some major observational findings.  It was observed that individuals who suffered from Alzheimer’s Disease as well as anxiety disorders were able to be calmed down with the touch and smell senses.  They left after listening to the story very happy and calm.  Also, the touch and smell senses were the only senses where patients would actually talk.  For example, one of the patients who was touching the slate, while listening to the story went on to say, “This is slate, I have this in my bedroom.”  Those were the only words this person spoke during the testing. Touch and smell were most effective for people who were suffering from mild to moderate stages of Alzheimer’s.  For people in the early stages of Alzheimer’s the senses of hearing and seeing were just as effective as the senses touch and smell.  These individuals could understand speech and process what the story was about.  Mostly significantly, these individuals were able to relate with the character in the story and they would make comments like, “Poor Isabella, I would be very sad too.” 

Emotions:
The six emotions used in this experimentation were happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust, and anger.  The senses that patients had the easiest time identifying with were: happiness, sadness, and fear.  They had greater difficulty recognizing emotions such as surprise and disgust. 
Senses:
The four senses that were used in this project were: see, hear, touch and smell.  These senses were combined with the six emotions to create the story.  Also, music was used throughout the story.  Patients were able to recognize emotions the greatest through the touch and smell senses.  This also allowed for their behaviors to be altered.  Some patients were able to become calm when they felt an object or they smelled a scent.  The subjects were also able to recognize emotions through the other senses, those being hear and see.  However, these were not as effective in allowing for changes in behavior. 

It’s a Small World After All
Reliability Statistics:
1.) Cronbach’s Alpha determined to have a moderate measure of 0.669.

2.) Cronbach’s Alpha Based on Standardized Items determined to have a moderate measure of 0.651.

3.) The items means (test results) mean was 1.623.

4.) The item variances (test results) mean was 0.254.

5.) The items means (test results) variance was 0.114.

6.) The item variances (test results) variance was 0.030.

7.) Chi-Square Test Likelihood Ratio was 0.987.

Validity Statistics
Theoretical Validity was primarily relied upon to determine the validity of the data that was collected.  The storybook, “It’s a Small World After All” can be compared to the Tinkertoy Test (Lezak, 1981).  After several trials with human subjects it was determined that aging individuals begin to have the minds of young children as they grow older.  People begin to have the needs of infants and demonstrate similar characteristics to those of a child.  The Tinkertoy Test can be compared to “It’s a Small World After All” because the data from this experimentation proved to have similar findings to that of the Tinketoy Test.  Patients would rather smell an object or touch something than listen to music or hear someone read a story.  The attention span is gone.  The Tinkertoy Test results were similar.  Therefore the validity of these results can be confirmed by the results of the Tinkertoy Test as it has established validity.  

Alzheimer’s Awareness
1.) A moderate correlation was determined between the genders of the individuals to their overall results on the survey.

2.) A moderate correlation was determined between the individuals location of residence to their overall results on the survey.

3.) A moderate correlation was determined between the individuals level of education to their overall results on the survey.

4.) A weak correlation was determined between the ages of the individuals to their overall results on the survey. 

Patient 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2
3 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 2
7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 2
8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 2
9 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2
10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 0 1 1 0 1 2 1 2
11 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 2 1 2
12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
13 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
14 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
15 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
16 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2
17 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
18 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 2
19 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
20 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2