Results

It is the tension between creativity and skepticism that has produced the stunning and unexpected findings of science. —Carl Sagan

1. Test for the inhibition curve of E.coli generated by ultrasound

Frequency (kHz)	45
Exposure time (min)	0 (control)	10	20	30	40	50	60
E. coli growth	0.614	0.679	0.620	0.628	0.653	0.720	0.730

Table 1. Average bacterial growth of E. coli in 96-well plates after sonication at different time lengths, and then incubated for 24hrs. Antibiotic was not applied.

Figure 11. 96-well plate resulted from the first test.

2. Test for MIC of spectinomycin to obtain a sub-inhibitory concentration

Antibiotic:	spectinomycin
Concentration:	256	128	64	32	16	8	4	2	1
Bacterial growth:	0.0779	0.0814	0.0911	0.408	0.778	0.835	0.892	0.908	0.914

Table 2. Average bacteria growth in 96-well plate 24hrs after an application of spectinomycin at different concentrations. (No sonication)

Figure 12. 96-well plate resulted from the second
test to determine the sub-inhibitory concentration
of spectinomycin, which will be used for the synergy
test.

3. Test for synergy between spectinomycin and ultrasound

Antibiotic:	spectinomycin
Concentration:	32ug/ml
Ultrasound	frequency:42kHz
Sonication Time Length (min):	0 (control)	15	30	45	60
Average Bacterial growth, OD:	0.490	0.472	0.490	0.476	0.473

Table 3. Average E. coli growth in 96-well plate 24hrs after being treated with spectinomycin and an application of ultrasound over different time length.

Figure 13. 96-well plate resulted from the synergy test.

Enhancement of Antibiotic Action with an Application of Ultrasound
by Liz Meng: lizmeng10@hotmail.com
Victor Feng: haovictor_feng@hotmail.com
Sir Winston Churchill High School, Calgary.AB

01/05/2007