Reference

                    It is the tension  between creativity and skepticism that has produced the stunning and unexpected findings of science.     —Carl Sagan 

Home Abstract Background Question Hypothesis Objective/variable Material Procedure Results Analysis Discussion Sources of Error Conclusion Future Research Appendix Reference Acknowledgement

 

[1]E.coli. Retrieved online: www.coffeeblackandcigarettes.com/

[2]Unstained E.coli. Retrieve online: zebu.uoregon.edu/.../ talks/mars/evidence.html

[1]Dashefsky, Steven (1995). Microbiology. USA : McGraw-Hill Inc.

[2]Franklin, T J., and G A. Snow (2005). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Antimicrobial Drug Action. 6th ed. New York : Springer Science+Business Media Inc.

[3]Prescott, Lansing M., John P. Harley, and Donald A. Klein (1993). Microbiology. Second ed. Vol. One. USA : Wm.C.Brown.

[4]Repacholi MH (1981). Ultrasound: Characteristics and Biological Action. National Research Council of Canada . Ottawa , Ontario : National Research Council Canada .

[5] Kingdom Monera: The Prokaryotes, BIL 161Evolution and Biodiversity Information Center . Retrieved online: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

[6]Geert T. Ensing, Danielle Neru, Jim R. van Horn, Henny C, van der Mei, and henk J. busscher (2006). The combination of ultrasound with antibiotics released from bone cement decreases the viability of planktonic and biofilm bacteria: an in vitro study with clinical strains. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Retrieved Dec 26, 2007 from the Internet: http://jac.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/58/6/1287

[7]Carmen JC, Nelson JL, Beckstead BL, Runyan CM, Robison RA, Schaalje GB, Pitt WG (2006). Ultrasonic-enhanced gentamicin transport through colony biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. PubMed central. Retrieved Dec 26, 2007 from the Internet:

http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1409753

[8]Rediske AM, Rapoport N, Pitt WG (1999) Reducing bacterial resistance to antibiotics with ultrasound. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 28, 81-84. Retrieved Jan 4, 2007 from the Internet:

http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00461.x?cookieSet=1

[9]For better permeation of certain molecules into skin with ultrasound
   
Retrieve online: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4767402.html  

[10] A Biofilm Primer Retrieved online : http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/j/e/jel5/biofilms/primer.html

 

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Enhancement of Antibiotic Action with an Application of Ultrasound
by Liz Meng: lizmeng10@hotmail.com
Victor Feng: haovictor_feng@hotmail.com
Sir Winston Churchill High School, Calgary.AB

01/05/2007