Introduction

An Introduction to Roots

Definition: A root is a part of a plant that is underground. It does not have any buds or leaves.

Function: The root has three primary functions in the development of the plant,
1. One of the root’s purposes is to draw up water. Water in the soil enters the roots and is carried into the stem, and out the plant’s leaves and flowers. The roots absorb water and minerals from the soil for the plant to use. Roots also store extra food. Plants need minerals to grow. Roots can only grow were there is water.
2. Roots help anchor plants. Tree roots near the surface grow outward, up to four times the width of the tree. Roots spread through the soil and hold a plant firmly in the ground.
3. The root serves as a food storage area. The tap root is a good example of this.

Types of Roots: There are two types of roots: fibrous and tap roots.
1. Fibrous Roots: There are many main roots. An example of this type of root is trees and grass. Root hairs are tiny threads which grow from main roots. These hairs allow the plant to take up much more water.
• no main roots
• looks like a mass of roots
• root hairs found around the tip increase the surface area of the root

2. Tap: These roots have a large thick root with many fine root hairs. Many tap roots act as food storage bin for the plants. Some vegetables, such as carrots, radishes and beets are ROOTS. They store food for the plant to use over winter. They also give the plant energy, to grow a new stem and leaves in the spring.
• one main root
• it grows straight down
• grows deep into the ground

2. Main Jobs of Roots
I) Roots Hold Plants in Place
Tree roots near the surface grow outward, up to four times the width of the tree. Roots spread through the soil and hold a plant firmly in the ground.

II) Roots take Up Water and Minerals (Food)
They absorb water and minerals from the soil for the plant to use. Roots also store extra food. Plants need minerals to grow. Roots can only grow were there’s water. They take up water and nutrients from the soil. The water and nutrients are carried through the roots to the shoot.

3. Interesting Information
• Not everything underground is a root. Bulbs are food storage systems that contain the leaves and stems of new plant
• Other roots can dig down deep to break through sewers
• Plant roots can crack sidewalks
• Roots are always moving, looking for food and water
• Roots always head for water