The results of the experiment showed that with acid hydrolysis, the cellulose in waste materials such as orange peels, an abundant by product of the citrus processing industry, can be converted into ethanol. We observed from the data shown that different materials had different rate of conversion from cellulose to glucose and amongst the samples, orange peel had a faster rate of conversion than saw dust and newspapers and consequently produced the most glucose. After fermentation, orange peels was the only sample that produced ethanol as evident in the change in the colour of the antifreeze test strip to an orange brown colour. While the exact amount of alcohol produced could not be precisely ascertained as we could only estimate the amount to be around 10% since the colour change was between 0% to 25% range, we learned that orange peels, which is converted by acid hydrolysis to a mixture of glucose, galacturonic acid, fructose, arabinose, galactose, and xylose, can be fermented to ethanol or ethanol and acetic acid by fermentation. The reason why the other waste materials did not react in the same manner as orange peels did is because hydrolysis reaction depends not only on acid concentration and temperature, but also on the physical state of the cellulose. The woody fibres of saw dust and newspapers were more difficult to dissolve in the dilute Muratic acid and therefore unable to be converted into glucose. A more concentrated acid and a much higher temperature are therefore required for hydrolysis of these materials. At high temperature, for instance 200°C, the reaction shows a sudden change in apparent activation energy at certain temperature. Once dissolved in concentrated sulphuric acid, the cellulose is twice as active as an untreated one, with a rate of reaction similar to that of corn starch. The reason for this change is because the acid concentration and high temperature disrupt the hydrogen bonding of cellulose, causing a sudden change in its physical structure, and causing it to react differently. Another reason why the other samples did not react in the same manner as the orange peels is that the hemicellulose of saw dust and newspapers are difficult to ferment into ethanol, even if the glucose were successfully separated from the hemicellulose by acid hydrolysis. This is due to the fact that hemicellulose (5 carbon) sugars degrades more quickly than cellulose (6 carbon) sugars, making fermentation of hemicellulose sugars to ethanol difficult. The reason why we did not use sulphuric acid in this experiment is that concentrated sulphuric acid is corrosive and is difficult to handle. Moreover, it is more expensive which will add to the cost of production of ethanol. Muriatic acid, on the other hand, is cheaper, easier to obtain and handle. Possible errors could have occurred as some of the saw dust could not dissolve completely in the dilute muratic acid, thus making it even more difficult to react accordingly. This error could be avoided by repeating the experiment several times to get a more accurate result. Further experiments can be done to test on the samples with the enzyme cellulace, as the other samples may react more favourably with the enzyme rather than with the muratic acid. We can also try using other strains of yeast on the samples to see if better results can be obtained. In any event, the possibility of producing ethanol from waste materials such as orange peel which would otherwise be disposed of as garbage would have a significant effect on our environment as it not only produce a cheap (as orange peel are waste) clean fuel that would save our environment from air pollution and the adverse effect of greenhouse gases, but also help us solve the problem of the increasing bulk of municipal waste that pollutes our land and underground water.