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Term & Concepts
During the course of this project I have learnt about and used the following terms and concepts as defined below:
Anaerobic respiration refers to the oxidation of molecules in the absence of oxygen to produce energy.
Biofuel is any fuel produced from biomass such as recently living organisms or manure, yardwaste, corns. It is a renewable sourcfe of energy, unlike other natural sources such as petroleum or coal.
Distillation is a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by the application and removal of heat.
Efficiency is the comparison of useful work output to work input in any system.
Energy is the ability to bring about change or to do work. Energy exists in many forms, such as heat, light, chemical energy, and electrical energy. The amount of work that can be done depends on the amount of energy available in the system and the efficiency of the system.
Entropy is the degree of disorder in a system. As energy is transferred from one form to another, some is lost as heat; as the energy decreases, the disorder in the system increases.
Ethanol is a clear, clean burning; biodegradable alcohol used in reformulated gasoline. Ethanol consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It can be produced from any biological feedstock (for example, cereal corn) that contains sugar or materials that can be converted into sugar, such as starch.
- In Canada , ethanol is currently distilled primarily from corns such as corn and wheat, and from wood wastes, trees and grasses.
Fermentation is a process of energy production in a cell in an anaerobic environment i.e. with no oxygen present.
Hubbert Peak n amed after the late Dr. M. King Hubbert, Geophysicist. This website provides data, analysis and recommendations regarding the peak in the rate of global fossil fuel (oil) extraction.
Hydrometer is an instrument used for determining the specific gravity of liquids. It is usually made of glass and consists of a cylindrical stem and a bulb weighted with mercury to make it float upright. The point where the surface of the liquid touches the stem of the hydrometer is noted. Hydrometers usually contain a paper scale inside the stem, so that the specific gravity relative to water can be read directly in grams per cubic meter.
Kinetic energy is energy in use or motion.
Potential energy is energy that has not yet been used.
Specific gravity is the density of a substance divided by the density of water. Since water has a density of 1 gram/cm 3 , so specific gravity is the same number as density but without any units.
- Density is calculated by dividing the "how much" by "how big," and is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter. Density = Mass / Volume
Thermodynamics is the study of energy .
Yeasts are unicellular microorganisms classified in the fungi kingdom. Approximately 1,500 species of yeasts are known and reproduce by budding. The yeast have been used in baking and fermenting for thousands of years and is being used in ethanol industry today.
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