Research Paper

Invention of the Hot Air Balloon


About 200 years ago, the Montogolfier brothers who lived in France noticed that smoke and steam move upward. They thought that if they could trap some hot air in a large balloon it should be able to fly. In September 1783 the brothers made a huge balloon out of very light material and carefully started a fire underneath it. No one had ever flown before, so the first passengers of the hot air balloon were a sheep, a chicken, and a duck. The first flight was a great success except that the sheep stepped on the chicken!

Scientific Uses of Balloons


Although balloons are not often used to transport people, they still have many uses. Meteorologists use balloons to carry their instruments up into the atmosphere. These instruments measure air pressure, humidity, and temperature and send the measurements back to the ground by radio transmitter. By tracking the balloons movements, meteorologists can also measure wind direction, and speed. These balloons are designed to go above 30,000 meters and are usually filled with a gas such as helium. As the balloon travels up in the atmosphere, the gas inside expands, and eventually the balloon burst. A parachute allows the weather instruments to land safely.





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