Synchrotron:
An accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated around
a fixed circular path by an electric field and held to the path
by an increasing magnetic field.
Synchrotron radiation: Electromagnetic
radiation emitted by high-energy particles when accelerated to
relativistic speeds in a magnetic field.
Light:
Electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual
sensation.
Radiation:
Emission and
propagation and emission of energy in the form of rays or waves.
Photons:
The quantum of
electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having
zero mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long
lifetime.
Quantum:
A physical quantity that can exist independently,
especially a discrete quantity of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic spectrum:
The
entire range of radiation extending in frequency from
approximately 1023
hertz to zero hertz or, in corresponding wavelengths, from 10-13
centimetre to infinity and including, in order of decreasing
frequency, cosmic-ray photons, gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet
radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and
radio waves.
Hertz:
One hertz of frequency equal to one cycle per second.
Wavelength:
The distance
between one peak or crest of a wave of light, heat, or other
energy and the next corresponding peak or crest.
Microscope:
An optical
instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to
produce magnified images of small objects, especially of objects
too small to be seen by the unaided eye.
Dipole:
A
pair of electric charges or magnetic poles, of equal magnitude
but of opposite sign or polarity, separated by a small distance.
Electron: A stable subatomic
particle in the lepton family having a rest mass of 9.1066×10-28
grams and a unit negative electric charge of approximately
1.602× 10-19
coulombs.
X-rays: A relatively
high-energy photon having a wavelength in the approximate range
from 0.01 to 10 nanometres. Or a stream of such photons, used
for their penetrating power in radiography, radiology,
radiotherapy, and scientific research.
Infrared:
Invisible radiation
of wavelengths from about 750 nanometres, just longer than red in
the visible spectrum, to 1 millimetre, on the border of the
microwave region.
Microwave:
A high-frequency electromagnetic wave, one
millimetre to one meter in wavelength, intermediate between
infrared and short-wave radio wavelengths.
Ultraviolet rays:
Invisible
radiations of wavelengths from about 4 nanometres, on the border of
the x-ray region, to about 380 nanometres, just beyond the
violet in the visible spectrum.
Electromagnetism: Magnetism produced
by electric charge in motion.
Magnetism:
The phenomenon exhibited by a magnetic field.